多载荷多物理场耦合微观力学性能原位测试系统

之多轴向多功能3D压痕仪

该多轴向多功能3D压痕仪，模量范围广3Pa-670Gpa,可压痕超软超硬广泛材料组织（超软凝胶和硬骨）,可48孔板中高通量压痕,压痕同时进行厚度测定，，可集成3D轮廓表面形貌表征、拉伸、压缩、三弯曲、四点弯曲、扭力、剪切、摩擦磨损、电特性等各种力电多物理场测试。能对生物组织、聚合物、凝胶、生物材料、胶囊、粘合剂和食品进行精密可靠的机械刺激和表征。允许表征的机械性能包括刚度、强度、模量、粘弹性、塑性、硬度、附着力、肿胀和松弛位移控制运动。

该3D压痕仪功能特性：

1、多轴向多功能应用范围广:

◆样品范围广：极软脑组织泡沫到陶瓷、金属

◆模量范围广3pa到670Gpa

◆wu需表面平坦，可在不规则表面压痕（刚度、硬度、厚度、表面轮廓等测试）

◆压痕不要求压缩轴垂直于样品表面对齐

◆可模块化集成多轴向多功能：可集成3D轮廓表面形貌表征、拉伸、压缩、三弯曲、四点弯曲、扭力、剪切、摩擦磨损、电特性等各种力电多物理场测试。

◆压痕同时可测量厚度信息

◆红宝石压头，坚固不易断,使用成本低

◆样品不需要从组织中收集

◆组织的破坏小

◆维持被测材料的机械环境及其与周围材料的相互作用

◆自动mapping

◆亚微米分辨率

      ◆一台仪器即可进行从纳米到宏观尺度的压痕
      ◆从小位移（几纳米）到大位移（大50mm）的压痕
      ◆大载荷范围（从0.025mN 到 250N）以满足样品特性的要求
      ◆大载荷范围对测量粗糙表面尤为有用

      ◆可以在将样品浸入溶液中的情况下进行

2、高分辨率:

1.1、位移分辨率达0.1um

1.2、力分辨率达0.025mN

3、行程范围广：50-250mm

4、体积小巧、可放入培养箱内

5、产品成熟，30年历史，文献量上千篇

背景介绍：

        BMM 对传统压痕技术进行了改进和扩充，压痕时不要求压缩轴垂直于样品表面对齐，wu需表面平坦，即可在不规则表面压痕 quan自动压痕mapping和厚度测试mapping（压痕通常要求被测试的表面是平坦的，并且还需要垂直于关节表面的压缩轴）：
该MachOne V500 CSS的3D“正常压痕”函数鲸准地检测XY位置处的表面高度和方向，并记录载荷（多轴向载荷单元），同时以不同速度移动测试仪的三个轴平台，以便以预定义的方式移动球形压头。沿着垂直于样品表面的虚拟轴的位移分布。利用该系统dute的多轴能力、数字图像相关（Digital Image Correlation,DIC）测量quan场应变广泛应用于组织材料力学、断裂力学、微观纳米应变测量、各种新型材料测量，允许压痕测试的all点，同时克服了传统压痕的局限性。

系统压痕功能类型：

一、3D法向量压痕映射（3D NORMAL INDENTATION MAPPING）功能：

机械压痕是一种快速、wu损的生物组织评估技术。zui近，BMM 改进和增强了这种技术，BMM 解决了压痕通常要求被测表面是平坦的，并且还要求压缩轴与关节面垂直对齐问题，具有映射能力和不必垂直、非平坦不规则表面压痕，利用这些突破，新研究设计的效率大大提高。多轴机械测试仪 MachOne v500css 的 3D“正常压痕”功能可鲸准检测 XY 位置表面的高度和方向并记录载荷（多轴测力传感器），同时以不同速度移动测试仪的三个阶段为了沿着垂直于样品表面的虚拟轴移动具有预定位移轮廓的球形压头。利用 MachOne v500css 测试仪dute的多轴功能，BMM 开发了新颖的功能，可以发挥压痕测试的all优势，同时克服传统限制。这一技术进步依赖于向 MachOne Motion 软件添加的两个功能：“扫描 XY”和“正常压痕”。 “扫描 XY”功能在预定义位置移动测试仪的 X 和 Y 水平平台，然后在这些位置中的每一个执行一系列功能。应该提到的是，使用 BMM 的“Cartilage Mapping”软件处理的样本的俯视图可以轻松生成这样的位置列表。 “普通压痕”功能可鲸准检测 XY 位置处的表面高度和方向并记录载荷（多轴称重传感器），同时以不同速度移动测试仪的三个平台，以移动具有预定义的球形压头沿垂直于样品表面的虚拟轴的位移分布。

二、压痕（刚度）功能：

压痕测试是一种非常方便的wu损测量样品机械性能的方法。与需要从表面采集样品的wu侧限压缩测试不同，压痕保持样品在感兴趣位置的机械环境及其与周围材料的相互作用。这允许重复测试。在此测试配置中，将球形压头垂直于样品表面压在样品上，同时记录施加的位移和产生的载荷。使用理论模型，可以根据应力-应变曲线计算材料刚度。

三、压痕（硬度）Indentation (Hardness)功能：

压痕硬度测试是测量固体材料在承受压缩力后抵抗性损坏的常规方法。使用具有已知几何形状的非常坚硬的尖头压头，可以压缩样品并测量产生的压痕。通过简单的计算，得到的压痕几何形状可以与样品的硬度直接相关。因此，建议搜索文献以选择适合te定应用的zui佳压头。低负载测试（10N 以下）称为显微压痕硬度测试，而较高负载测试（10N 以上）称为宏观压痕硬度测试。硬度通常使用wu量纲数字报告（zui流行的尺度是 Rockwell、Vickers 和 Berkovich）。

四、3D 厚度映射（3D THICKNESS MAPPING）

在称重传感器下方使用针式探头，还可以绘制表面轮廓和更硬基底上的材料层（例如骨骼上的软骨层）的厚度。这是使用“扫描 XY”和“查找联系人”功能完成的。 “查找接触”功能以恒定速率移动针头，直到它穿透上部材料（例如软骨）表面，并在检测到过渡到更硬的材料（例如骨骼）时停止。表面的垂直位置（载荷开始增加的位置）和界面的垂直位置（位移/力曲线中的弟一个拐点）之间的差异提供了垂直厚度。可以使用先前使用 MachOne Motion 软件中的“Normal Indentation”功能获得的表面方向来计算厚度分布。

五、3D轮廓测量 (3D Profilometry)

历史上，轮廓测定被认为是表面相对于接触轮廓仪的触针（在表面上滑行）移动时的表面高度的图形。随着许多非接触（光学）轮廓测量技术的出现，这种观念正在发生变化，其中表面高度被映射在XY网格上（例如通过激光束三角测量）。使用该MachOne多轴机械测试仪，可以通过用表面上的一系列非常轻的接触扫描表面来执行类似的非破坏性表征。在每个位置处，将小球形压头降低到表面上，直到测力传感器检测到预定载荷（低至几uN）。弟一次接触检测时压头的垂直位置是表面的局部高度。根据测试仪规格，可以在具有宽范围刚度（几kPa到几百GPa）的样品上实现亚微米分辨率。该技术不受光学伪影的影响，并且可以在溶液中的样品液体中进行。

六、2D轮廓测量 (2D Profilometry)

历史上，轮廓测定被认为是表面相对于接触轮廓仪的触针（在表面上滑行）移动时的表面高度的图形。随着许多非接触（光学）轮廓测量技术的出现，这种观念正在发生变化，其中表面高度被映射在XY网格上（例如通过激光束三角测量）。使用该MachOne多轴机械测试仪，可以通过用表面上的一系列非常轻的接触扫描表面来执行类似的非破坏性表征。在每个位置处，将小球形压头降低到表面上，直到测力传感器检测到预定载荷（低至几uN）。弟一次接触检测时压头的垂直位置是表面的局部高度。根据测试仪规格，可以在具有宽范围刚度（几kPa到几百GPa）的样品上实现亚微米分辨率。该技术不受光学伪影的影响，并且可以在溶液中的样品液体中进行。

纤维丝张力和扭力测
自动法向压痕和厚度映射
胫骨三维轮廓测试
机电活性材料（如结缔组织、带电水凝胶等）压缩过程中电位分布

英文描述：

软骨力学特性其他案例：

MachOne系统发表的3D法向量压痕映射（3D NORMAL INDENTATION MAPPING）典型文献

Sensitivity of indentation testing to step-off edges and interface integrity in cartilage repairBae W, Law A, Amiel D and Sah RAnn Biomed Eng, 32(3), 360-369. (2004)

Step-off edges and tissue interfaces are prevalent in cartilage injury such as after intra-articular fracture and reduction, and in focal defects and surgical repair procedures such as osteochondral graft implantation. It would be useful to assess the function of injured or donor tissues near such step-off edges and the extent of integration at material interfaces. The objective of this study was to...Read More

Indentation probing of human articular cartilage: effect on chondrocyte viabilityBae W, Schumacher B and Sah ROsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 15(1), 9-18. (2007)

BACKGROUND: Clinical arthroscopic probes based on indentation testing are being developed. However, the biological effects of certain design parameters (i.e., tip geometry and size) and loading protocols (i.e., indentation depth, rate, and repetition) on human articular cartilage are unclear.

OBJECTIVE: Determine if indenter design and indentation protocol...Read More

Development and Validation of Large-Sized Engineering Cartilage Constructs in Full-Thickness Chondral Defects in a Rabbit ModelBrenner JMaster thesis Queen's University. (2012)

Long-term applicability of current surgical interventions for the repair of articular cartilage is jeopardized by the formation of mechanically inferior repair tissue. Cartilage tissue engineering offers the possibility of developing functional repair tissue, similar to that of native cartilage, enabling long-lasting repair of cartilage defects. Current techniques, however, rely on the need for a large...Read More

Assessment of Human Articular Cartilage Issued from Asymptomatic & TKR DonorsHadjab I, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDBiomedical Engineering Society 2015 in Tampa, Floride

Introduction: Cartilage degeneration is a progressive process and currently, only end-stage surgical treatments such as total knee replacement (TKR) lead to an improved condition. To prevent or delay this surgery, several less invasive alternatives could be considered, such as pharmacological treatments, scaffolds and partial replacements1. However, current diagnostic techniques are limited...Read More

Micro-CT visualization and indentation properties of whole meniscus following mercury exposureKolaczek S, Changoor A, Hurtig M, Gordon K and Getgood AAnnual Meeting of the ORS, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 15-18, 2014.

A major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is meniscal injury or excision. Surgeons now advocate for meniscal repair or allografts rather than excision with this knowledge in hand. Clinical assessment of the meniscal load sharing is limited to meniscus position by MRI, so the efficacy of replacement and repair must be done in cadaveric knees. In the past, pressure sensitive film and mechanical...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritis Mice Using IndentationLavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CE2015 International Cartilage Repair Society, May 7-11 2015, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Podium presentation (ID: 23.2.9)

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain (STR/ort)...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritic Mice Using Indentation (OARSI Poster)Lavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CEOsteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), 2015 April 30, Seattle, WA, United States

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritic Mice Using IndentationLavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CEOsteoarthritis and Cartilage 23 Suppl. 2, p. A254 (2015)

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain (STR/ort)...Read More

Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Reflects Stiffness of Intact Articular CartilageNickmanesh R, Stewart R, Snyder B, Grinstaff M and Wilson DISMRM Workshop on Imaging Based Measures of Osteoarthritis. Sept 11-14, 2015. Pacific Grove, CA, USA. Presentation on Sept 13 at 14:39.

Purpose: Articular cartilage distributes load in joints and provides a low-friction surface for joint movement. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in cartilage plays a critical role in its compressive stiffness. Loss of GAG is an early sign of osteoarthritis that leads to lower compressive stiffness and altered viscoelastic behavior. MRI and CT-based imaging techniques have been developed to quantify GAG...Read More

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves the Structure and Properties of Scaffold-Free Engineered Auricular Cartilage ConstructsRosa RG, Joazeiro PP, Bianco J, Kunz M, Weber JF, et alPLoS ONE 9(8): e105170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105170. (2014)

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create caffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Mice Articular Surfaces Using IndentationSim S, Lavoie JF, Moreau A, Quenneville E, Garon M, and Buschmann MDOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22(1), 541. World Congress on Osteoarthritis, April 2014, Paris, France.

Purpose: An important measure of articular cartilage function in health and disease is its biomechanical properties. While much research has mouse models of osteoarthritis, the assessment of biomechanical properties in these small joints is quite challenging. We have previously developed novel and easily implemented indentation technique on sheep stifle joints and rat knee joints. The purpose...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Articular Surfaces Using Indentation to Identify Degenerated (Osteoarthritis-like) CartilageSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MD7th World Congress on Biomechanics, 2014, Boston, MA, USA. Poster 2229

Introduction: A currently unsatisfied need in Arthritis and cartilage research is to assess the function of the entire articular cartilage surface both quantitatively and non-destructively. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel automatic technique to characterize mechanical properties of entire articular surfaces in indentation in order to rapidly discriminate...Read More

Indentation Method to Map Mechanical Properties of Articular Surface to Identify Degenerated RegionsSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MD2014 Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, 2014, San Antonio, TX, USA. Podium presentation (ID: OP-Sat-3-4)

Introduction: The identification and quantitative grading of early degenerated regions over an entire articular surface remains a challenging quest. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel technique to automatically characterize mechanical properties of entire human articular surfaces in indentation in order to rapidly and non-destructively discriminate between...Read More

Relevance of the Spatial Distribution of Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage in Animal StudiesSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, 2015, Poster 0359

Introduction: In cartilage regeneration and repair, mechanical testing of articular cartilage characterizes functional restoration of the repair site [1] and can detect early degeneration of articular cartilage [2]. However, the experimental design often incorporates the use of cartilage adjacent to the treated site or at contralateral sites as normal references to evaluate the effect of treatment...Read More

Evaluation of Entire Ovine Cartilage Repair Articular Surfaces: Mechanical and Electromechanical AssessmentSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, Hurtig MB, Buschmann MD and Hoemann CDTransactions of International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Chicago, 2015, 7-11 May 2015, e-Poster: P87

Purpose: To demonstrate the ability of non-destructive electromechanical device and automated indentation technique in assessing the quality of cartilage in a sheep model of cartilage repair.

Methods: Ex vivo electromechanical and mechanical mappings of articular surfaces (~40 positions/map) were performed over distal condyles from 5 treated sheep (8 – 9 y-o,...Read More

Wound Healing Revealed by a Novel Automated Indentation TechniqueSim S, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDCanadian Connective Tissue Conference 2015 in Quebec, Canada

Introduction: Mechanical characterization of wound healing in skin samples mostly relies on uniaxial tensile rupture tests, which provide local information along the wound and are disruptive for samples (Chao et al., 2011). In this study, we wanted to test the ability of a novel automated indentation technique to non-destructively characterize mechanical properties of the entire wound and its...Read More

Development of a Sequence of Mechanical Tests for Articular Cartilage at a Single LocationSim S, Chartrand A, Lavallee AP, Tessier J, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Orlando, 2016

In a recent study, our group has highlighted the importance of considering the natural topographic variability of the mechanical properties over the articular surface, particularly in the context of cartilage repair, where it can screen the effect of a treatment [1]. Moreover, the availability of test sample is limited in those repair studies since the regions of interest are often limited in size....Read More

Cartilage Stiffness and Thickness Distributions Revealed by an Automated Indentation Technique in the Temporomandibular JointSim S, Matuska A, Garon M, Quenneville E, McFetridge P and Buschmann MDTMJ Bioengineering Conference - V, September 12-13, 2016, Barcelona, Spain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of an automated indentation technique to reveal the topographical variation of mechanical properties over the entire articular surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), especially the thickness and instantaneous modulus (IM). Mechanical properties of visually normal temporal bones and condyles of a porcine TMJ were mapped ex vivo using a...Read More

Correlation of Non-destructive Electromechanical Probe () Assessment with Histological Ss, Biochemical Composition and Mechanical Properties in Human Knee JointsSim S, Chevrier A, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, USA, Poster 0439, 2014

Introduction: Histological scoring, biochemical analyses and biomechanical testing (unconfined compression) are often seen as gold standard characterizations for articular cartilage but can present major drawbacks in the context of animal and human studies where characterization of complete intact articular cartilage surfaces is required. In particular, histology, biochemical and mechanical...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Articular Surfaces Using Indentation to Identify Osteoarthritis-like RegionsSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2014, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2015, Poster #2015

Introduction: It is challenging to identify and grade degenerated regions of the entire articular surface both quantitatively and non-destructively. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel technique to automatically characterize mechanical properties of entire articular surfaces in indentation to rapidly discriminate between damaged articular cartilage...Read More

Evaluation of a novel technique to map the mechanical properties of an entire articular surface in indentationSim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Hoemann CD, Hurtig M and Buschmann MDInternational Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Turkey, 2013, Podium presentation (11.2.9)

Purpose: Mechanical testing of articular cartilage is recommended by the FDA for products intended for the repair or replacement of knee cartilage. One experimental configuration that has many practical advantages is indentation. However, one limitation is the need to perpendicularly position the articular surface to the indenter. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of...Read More

Ermittlung mechanischer Kennwerte mittels IndentationSeidenstucker MBioNanoMat. 2015; 16 (2-3): 152–156 DOI 10.1515/bnm-2015-9014

(In Germany only) In der Materialprüfung sind Indentationsverfahren bereits seit Jahren gängige Praxis. Jedoch war es bisher nicht so ohne weiteres möglich Gewebeproben, insbesondere Weichgewebe wie Knorpel zu untersuchen. Mit dem Mikroindenter MachOneTM von BMM können sowohl flexible Biomaterialien wie Kontaktlinsen oder Wundauflagen aus elektrogesponnenen Gelatinefliesen genauso wie biologische...Read More

Guidelines for an optimized indentation protocol for measurement of cartilage stiffness - The effects of spatial variation and indentation parametersMoshtagh PR, Pouran B, Korthagen NM, Zadpoor AA and Weinans HJournal of Biomechanics 49(14) · September 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.020

Mechanical properties of articular cartilage that are vital to its function are often determined by indentation tests, which can be performed at different scales. Cartilage tissue exhibits various types of structural, geometrical, and spatial variations that pose strict demands on indentation protocols. This study aims to define a reproducible micro-indentation protocol for measuring the effective...Read More

ASTM F2451-05 - Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular CartilageASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

This guide is aimed at providing a range of in vivo models to aid in preclinical research and development of tissue engineered medical products intended for the clinical repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
This guide includes a description of the animal models, surgical considerations, and tissue processing as well as the qualitative and quantitative...Read More

ASTM F2791 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Surface Texture of Non-Porous Biomaterials in Two DimensionsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

4.1 The term “surface texture” is used to describe the local deviations of a surface from an ideal shape. Surface texture usually consists of long wavelength repetitive features that occur as results of chatter, vibration, or heat treatments during the manufacture of implants. Short wavelength features superimposed on the long wavelength features of the surface,...Read More

MachOne – Automated Indentation Mapping (MA056-SOP01-D v2)Sim S and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: April 7th, 2015

Purpose: This procedure describes a standard method to realize an automated indentation mapping over the surface of a sample using the MachOne mechanical tester (model v500css or v500csst, with software add-on for Automated Indentation Mapping).

Scope: This procedure can be used for the ex vivo automated indentation mapping over the surface of a sample. Sample’s...Read More

MachOne Analysis - Extraction of Elastic Model Parameters Following an Automated Indentation Mapping (SW186-SOP01-D v1)Sim S and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: April 17th, 2015

Purpose
This procedure describes a method to extract elastic model parameters (Instantaneous modulus, which is referred as the Young’s modulus in MachOne analysis, and shear modulus) from MachOne files generated during an automated indentation mapping of a surface (as per MA056-SOP01-D). It also describes the creation of a corresponding “.map” characterization file.

Scope...Read More

Indentation and Thickness Mapping of Articular Surfaces through Manual Positioning (Protocol Template AAAX1 v1)BMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: December 6th, 2016.

Purpose

This editable document (MS Word format) is a blank protocol template created to facilitate the creation of your own study protocol involving the indentation and thickness mapping of articular surfaces through manual positioning. It provides suggestions on how to:

properly position and secure in place an articular surface into a testing chamber,

create...Read More

Combined Mechanical Characterizations Increases Sensitivity in the Assessment of Human Cartilage DegenerationSim S, Hadjab I, Chevrolat L-A, Masse M, Tong AL, Lavigne P, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDAccepted for a podium presentation at ORS 2017

Introduction: We published a recent study showing superior sensitivity of electromechanical and indentation (instantaneous response) assessments versus well-established techniques, including histological Mankin s, to characterize cartilage degeneration. This study aims to determine whether the combination of instantaneous, relaxation and equilibrium mechanical properties and friction...Read More

Electromechanical probe and automated indentation maps are sensitive techniques in assessing early degenerated human articular cartilageSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E, Lavigne P, Yaroshinsky A, Hoemann CD and Buschmann MDJ Orthop Res, 35(4) 858-867. (2017) Epub 2016 Jun 22

Recent advances in the development of new drugs to halt or even reverse the progression of Osteoarthritis at an early-stage requires new tools to detect early degeneration of articular cartilage. We investigated the ability of an electromechanical...Read More

Study of the evolution of the osteoarthritis pathology and the mechanical properties of cartilage in a spontaneous osteoarthritis model in the Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.Legrand C, Centonze P, Comblain F, Lambert C, Sanchez C and Henrotin YOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25, s314-s315.

Purpose: In animal models, the severity of cartilage damage is assessed by histological ss evaluating the structure, the proteoglycan content, Read More

Automated Indentation Mapping of Vocal Fold Structure and Cover Properties across SpeciesGregory R. Dion, MD, Jean-Francois Lavoie, PhD, Paulo Coelho, DDS, PhD, Milan R. Amin, MD, Ryan C. Branski, PhDLaryngoscope. 2018 Nov 8. doi: 10.1002/lary.27341

Objectives/Hypothesis: Various animal models have been employed to investigate vocal fold (VF) and phonatory function. However, biomechanical testing techniques to characterize vocal fold structural properties vary and have not compared critical properties across species. We adapted a nondestructive, automated indentation mapping technique to simultaneously quantify VF structural...Read More

Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) attenuation is associated with stiffness of intact knee cartilageNickmanesh, Reza; Stewart, Rachel C.; Snyder, Brian D.; Grinstaff, Mark W.; Masri, Bassam A.; Wilson, David R.J. Orthop. Res. First published: 17 April 2018 doi:10.1002/jor.24022

Contrast?enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using charged contrast?agents enables quantification of cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. Since glycosaminoglycan content is a key determinant of cartilage compressive stiffness, CECT measurements have the potential to non?invasively assess cartilage stiffness. The objective of this study was to determine whether CECT attenuation, using a cationic contrast?agent...Read More

Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivoLegrand, Catherine; Ahmed, Usman; Anwar, Attia; Rajpoot, Kashif; Pasha, Sabah; Lambert, Cecile; Davidson, Rose K.; Clark, Ian M.; Thornalley, Paul J.; Henrotin, YvesArthritis Research & Therapy 2018 20:131 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6

Background
Changes of serum concentrations of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids and hydroxyproline and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status combined by machine learning techniques in algorithms have recently been found to provide improved diagnosis and typing of early-stage arthritis of the knee, including osteoarthritis (OA), in patients. The association of glycated, oxidized,...Read More

Investigating the role of in vivo cell cycle activation within mesenchymal stem cells in the regenerative potential of articular cartilage after injuryMasson, A. O.; Underhill, T. M.; Edwards, W. B.; Krawetz, R. J.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (2018) S38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.092

Purpose: Cartilage has intrinsic poor healing capacity after injury, which can lead to the development of degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Current treatments for OA are unable to effectively stop or delay disease progression. Hence, the development of methods for regenerating cartilage with sustained effects is clinically relevant. Deletion of the p21CIP1/WAF1 gene in mice results...Read More

Quantifying the Effects of Different Treadmill Training Speeds and Durations on the Health of Rat Knee JointsRios, Jaqueline Lourdes; Boldt, Kevin Rudi; Mather, James William; Seerattan, Ruth Anne; Hart, David Arthur; Herzog, WalterSports Medicine - Open 2018 4:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0127-2

Background Walking and running provide cyclical loading to the knee which is thought essential for joint health within a physiological window. However, exercising outside the physiological window, e.g. excessive cyclical loading, may produce loading conditions that could be detrimental to joint health and lead to injury and, ultimately, osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects...Read More

Bioinspired lubrication: from fundamentals to joint protectionX. Banquy, J. Faivre, G. Xie, K. Matyjaszewski, T. Delair, L. David, J. Burdynska, F. Moldovan, S. Benayoun, B. ShresthaICoBT, Montreal, Canada, September 27 2018. Oral presentation S8.1.

Introduction: We describe the design of bioinspired lubricating and wear protecting fluids based on synergistic mixtures of bottle brushes (BB) and linear polymers solutions. To illustrate this concept we used hyaluronic acid (HA) - a naturally occurring linear polyelectrolyte, and water soluble synthetic BB polymers. Individually, these two polymers exhibit poor wear protecting capabilities compared...Read More

Viscoelasticity and histology of the human cartilage in healthy and degenerated conditions of the kneeMichael Seidenstuecker, Julius Watrinet , Anke Bernstein, Norbert P. Suedkamp , Sergio H. Latorre Anastasija Maks and Hermann O. MayrJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, November 2019, 14:256. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1308-5

Background: There are many studies on osteoarthritis, but only a few studies deal with human arthrosis, comparing the mechanical properties of healthy and diseased samples. In most of these studies, only isolated areas of the tibia are examined. There is currently only one study investigating the complete mapping of cartilage tissue but not the difference between instantaneous modulus (IM)...Read More

Automated Indentation of Femoral and Temporomandibular Joints for Characterization of Cartilage Tissue Quality in Fgf2 KO Mice.Tannin SchmidtPoster SAT-996. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 21 Sep 2019, Orlando, Florida, USA

PURPOSE: Degenerative disorders affecting the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and the articular cartilage (AC) of the knee joint, are common chronic conditions. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a critical growth factor in maintaining knee joint homeostasis; however, there are no studies on its role in maintenance of the TMJ. While a common, qualitative,...Read More

Biomechanical characterization of tibial articular cartilage in Hyp mice, a murine model of osteoarthritis in X-linked hypophosphatemiaMichael J. Desimone, Steven M. Tommasini, Christopher Cape and Carolyn M. MacicaPoster SUN-929. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 22 Sep 2019, Orlando, Florida, USA

The clinical picture of adult XLH is dominated by a pervasive, early-onset osteoarthritis (OA). Using a murine XLH model, we have shown that the femoral/tibial joint of Hyp mice lacks the mineralized zone of articular cartilage, a transitional tissue proposed to reduce mechanical stress at the interface between cartilage and subchondral bone. Although there is a significant compensatory increase of...Read More

A Col1a2 Mutation Reveals Bone Fragility, Hyperelasticity of Skin and Degeneration of Articular Cartilage in MiceS. Sim, A. Blease, M. Garon, E. Quenneville and P. PotterPoster SUN-053. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 22 Sep 2019, Orlando, Florida, USA

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Bottlebrush polymer compositions, lubricating fluid, porous materials comprising said compositions, and surface bearing said compositionsX. Banquy, J. Faivre, B.R.Shrestha, K. Matyjaszewski, J.Burdynska and F. MoldovanUS Patent App. 16/095,051, 2019

A mixture of polymers with lubricating properties is provided. The polymer can be used to produce a lubricating fluid. They can also be born on a surface or embedded in a porous material. This mixture of polymers comprises (a) a pharmaceutically acceptable bottle-brush polymer comprising a back bone with polymeric pendant chains, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable linear polymer. In the lubricating...Read More

Moderate exercise prevents cartilage softening and muscle structural changes in a rat model of obesityJ.L. Rios, J.W. Mather, J. Michaiel, S.M. Mattiello and W. HerzogOARSI Journal, April 2019 Volume 27, Supplement 1, Page S155

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating chronicdisease. Currently, there is no cure or disease modifying treatment for OA.Using a Sprague-Dawley rat model, it has been shown that ahigh-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet induced obesity leads to histological OA-likechanges in the knee, and an infiltration of fat, collagen, and macrophages intoletal muscle within 12-weeks. Additionally,...Read More

Setting up a pre-clinical human model for mechanical induced osteoarthritis to investigate potential pharmacological agentsE. Houtman, M. van Hoolwerff, R. Coutinho De Almeida, A. Rodriguez Ruiz, N. Lakenberg, H.E. Suchiman, M. Tuerlings, R.G. Timmermans, R.G. Nelissen, Y.F. Ramos and I. MeulenbeltOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, April 2019, Volume 27, Supplement 1, Pages S80–S81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.114

Purpose:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and bone spur formation. Due to the fact that there are no disease modifying drugs, OA is placing a high burden on society occurring during diseases. By applying genetic analyses and functional follow up research, our group demonstrated that the upregulation of the type IIiodothyronine deiodinase...Read More

Quantifying vocal fold wound?healing biomechanical property changesG. R. Dion, T. Guda, S. Mukudai, R.Bing, J-F. Lavoie and R.C. BranskiLaryngoscope. 2019 May 6. doi: 10.1002/lary.27999

Objectives

Development of novel vocal fold (VF) therapeutics is limited by a lack of standardized, meaningful outcomes. We hypothesize that automated microindentation?based VF biomechanical property mapping matched to histology permits quantitative assessment.

Study Design

Ex vivo.

Methods

Twelve anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits underwent...Read More

The effect of in vivo chondrocyte depletion on the structural and functional properties of murine articular cartilageA.O. Masson, J.M. Corpuz, W.B. Edwards and R.J. KrawetzOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, April 2019, Volume 27, Supplement 1, Page S80

Articular cartilage is an intricate and remarkable tissue found within synovial joints. It is essential for providing low-friction and load bearing during movement, resulting in pain-free mobility. Chondrocytes are the sole cell population present within the articular cartilage and play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. As the cellular building blocks of cartilage, they direct the synthesis and...Read More

Changes in Free Calcium Alter the Mechanical Properties of the Intervertebral DiscI. Hadjab, M.P. Grant, L.M. Epure, M. Garon, E. Quenneville, J. Anthoniou, F. Mwale and M.D. BuschmannInternational Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues, Hawaii, USA, 1 2 Dec 2017, Podium O.48. Presented by E. Quenneville

Introduction: Low back pain is often attributed to pathological intervertebral disc (IVD) mechanics. Since we recently discovered that increased free calcium (Ca2+) concentration in the human IVD leads to matrix degradation, we hypothesized that elevations in Ca2+ also impair IVD mechanics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of free Ca2+ on the mechanical properties of the...Read More

Guided bone marrow stimulation for articular cartilage repair through a freeze-dried chitosan microparticle approachCaroline D. Hoemann, Jessica Guzman-Morales, Genevieve Picard, Gaoping Chen, Daniel Veilleux, Anik Chevrier, Sotcheadt Sim, Martin Garon, Eric Quenneville, Charles-Hubert Lafantaisie-Faverau, Michael D. Buschmann and Mark B. HurtigMaterialia, 2020, 100609, ISSN 2589-1529, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100609.

A novel approach for stimulating articular cartilage repair was developed and evaluated in letally aged Arcott sheep with signs of early osteoarthritis. Freeze-dried (FD) chitosan formulations were optimized to produce ultraporous cylinders that slowly rehydrate and disperse into bioactive chitosan microparticles in coagulating blood plasma. FD-chitosan implants (80% Degree of Deacetylation, 85...Read More

Assessment of healthy trapeziometacarpal cartilage properties using indentation testing and contrast-enhanced computed tomographyBenjamin Dourthe, Reza Nickmanesh, David R. Wilson, Priscilla D'Agostino, Amit N. Patwa, Mark W. Grinstaff, Brian D. Snyder, Evie VereeckeClinical Biomechanics 61 (2019) 181–189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.12.015

Background

The trapeziometacarpal joint is a common site for osteoarthritis development in the hand. When osteoarthritis is present, it results in significant functional disabilities due to the broad range of activities performed by this joint. However, our understanding of osteoarthritis initiation and progression at this joint is limited because of the current lack...Read More

Biomechanics of Tissue Engineered Cartilage Produced Using 3D Printing and BioprintingThomas J. Kean, Remi Dagenais and Sotcheadt SimOrthopaedic Research Society (ORS), 2020, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Poster

INTRODUCTION

The prevalence and cost of arthritis accounts for more than 10% of annual healthcare costs. 3D printing and bioprinting are disruptive technologies that could revolutionize the treatment of arthritic cartilage. This study was undertaken to compare the techniques of 3D printing, bioprinting and a combination thereof in terms of shape fidelity and...Read More

Poromechanical Modeling of Porcine Knee Joint Using Indentation Map of Articular CartilageZare M., Tang D., Li L.In: Ateshian G. Computer Methods, Imaging and Visualization in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. CMBBE 2019. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 36. Springer, Cham https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43195-2_7

The knowledge of site-specific properties of articular cartilage of a knee joint may be important for understanding the onset of cartilage degeneration in the knee. Few earlier studies have focused on the rate-dependent poromechanical response of knee joints to site-specific material properties across the joint. The objective of the present study was to develop a methodology to implement the in-situ...Read More

Mappings of Thickness and Mechanical Properties of the Stifle (Knee) Joint Cartilage Reveal Low Intraspecies VariabilitySophie Gagnon, Emily Deignan, Sotcheadt Sim, Martin Garon, Eric Quenneville and Mark HurtigTransactions of the Osteoarthritis Research Society 2019, Poster 1296, Feb 03 2019, Austin, Texas, United States

INTRODUCTION

Ex vivo assessment of an articular surface for detection of cartilage degeneration, focal defects or to evaluate the outcome of a repair treatment can be done by comparing the measured thickness and mechanical properties to normal tissue values at matched anatomical locations in similar animals. To do so, reference mappings created by averaging mapping data...Read More

Kappa opioids modulate hedgehog signaling to attenuate osteoarthritisWeber, A.E., Jalali, O., Limfat, S., Shkhyan, R., Van Der Horst, R., Lee, S., Lin, Y., Li, L., Mayer, E.N., Wang, L., Liu, N.Q., Petrigliano, F.A., Lieberman, J.R. and Evseenko, D.Arthritis Rheumatol. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1002/art.41250

Abstract

Objective

Inhibition of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling prevents cartilage degeneration and promotes repair in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA). Current study was designed to explore if modulation of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling may have therapeutic potential for achieving disease?modifying activity in OA models through Hh modulation.Read More

Evaluation of cartilage biomechanics and knee joint microenvironment after different cell-based treatments in a sheep model of early osteoarthritisFrancesca Veronesi, Matteo Berni, Gregorio Marchiori, Giorgio Cassiolas, Aurelio Muttini, Barbara Barboni, Lucia Martini, Milena Fini, Nicola Francesco Lopomo, Maurilio Marcacci and Elizaveta KonInternational Orthopaedics (SICOT) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04701-y

Purpose

Aiming to prevent cartilage damage during early osteoarthritis (OA), the therapeutic challenge is to restore and maintain the physiological and functional properties of such a tissue with minimally invasive therapeutic strategies.

Methods

Accordingly, an in vivo model of early OA in sheep was here treated through...Read More

Automated Indentation Demonstrates Structural Stiffness of Femoral Articular Cartilage and Temporomandibular Joint Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Is Altered in FgF2KO MicePaige S. Woods, Alyssa A. Morin, Po-Jung Chen, Sarah Mahonski, Liping Xiao, Marja Hurley, Sumit Yadav, and Tannin A. SchmidtCARTILAGE. October 2020. doi:10.1177/1947603520962565

Objective

Employ an automated indentation technique, using a commercially available machine, to assess the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression on structural stiffness over the surface of both murine femoral articular cartilage (AC) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC).

Design

Experiments...Read More

Long Term Durable Repaired Cartilage Induced By SOX9 in Situ with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsXiaowei Zhang, Shili Wu, Yong Zhu and Cong-Qiu ChuInternational Journal of Medical Sciences https://www.medsci.org/v18p1399.htm

Abstract

Background: Microfracture is a common procedure for cartilage repair, but it often produces inferior fibrocartilage. We previously reported that a super positively charged SOX9 (scSOX9) promoted hyaline-like cartilage regeneration by inducing bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes in vivo. Here...Read More

Correlation of Biomechanical Alterations under Gonarthritis between Overlying Menisci and Articular CartilagePordzik, J., Bernstein, A., Watrinet, J., Mayr, H.O., Latorre, S.H., Schmal, H., Seidenstuecker, M.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238673

Abstract

Just like menisci, articular cartilage is exposed to constant and varying stresses. Injuries to the meniscus are associated with the development of gonarthritis. Both the articular cartilage and the menisci are subject to structural changes under gonarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical alterations in articular cartilage...Read More

Analysis of Proteoglycan Content and Biomechanical Properties in Arthritic and Arthritis-Free MenisciJohannes Pordzik, Anke Bernstein, Hermann O. Mayr, Sergio H. Latorre, Anastasija Maks, Hagen Schmal and Michael SeidenstueckerDecember 2020Applied Sciences 10(24):9012 DOI: 10.3390/app10249012

Abstract: Studies on osteoarthritis of the knee have examined isolated aspects of the meniscus biomechanically and histologically, but not the difference between instantaneous modulus (IM) in healthy and diseased samples. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference in the biomechanical behavior and proteoglycan content between arthritic and arthritis-free menisci. In addition,...Read More

Correlation of Biomechanical Alterations under Gonarthritis between Overlying Menisci and Articular Cartilage2Pordzik, J., Bernstein, A., Watrinet, J., Mayr, H.O., Latorre, S.H., Schmal, H., Seidenstuecker, M.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238673

Abstract

Just like menisci, articular cartilage is exposed to constant and varying stresses. Injuries to the meniscus are associated with the development of gonarthritis. Both the articular cartilage and the menisci are subject to structural changes under gonarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical alterations in articular cartilage...Read More

Machine learning augmented near-infrared spectroscopy: In vivo follow-up of cartilage defectsJ.K. Sarin, N.C.R. te Moller, A. Mohammadi, M. Prakash, J. Torniainen, H. Brommer, E. Nippolainen, R. Shaikh, J.T.A. Mäkelä, R.K. Korhonen, P.R. van Weeren, I.O. Afara, J. Töyräs,Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Volume 29, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 423-432, ISSN 1063-4584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.007.

Abstract

Objective

      To assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for in vivo arthroscopic monitoring of cartilage defects.

Method

      Sharp and blunt cartilage...Read More

Osteoarthritis-Related Degeneration Alters the Biomechanical Properties of Human Menisci Before the Articular CartilageSeitz AM, Osthaus F, Schwer J, Warnecke D, Faschingbauer M, Sgroi M, Ignatius A, Dürselen L.Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 May 6;9:659989. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659989. PMID: 34026741; PMCID: PMC8134692.

Abstract

An exact understanding of the interplay between the articulating tissues of the knee joint in relation to the osteoarthritis (OA)-related degeneration process is of considerable interest. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the biomechanical properties of mildly and severely degenerated human knee joints, including their menisci and tibial...Read More

Can UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking be transferred from ophthalmology to spine surgery? A feasibility study on bovine intervertebral discIoannis Vasilikos, Graciosa Q. Teixeira, Andreas Seitz, Julia Nothelfer, Julian Haas, Hans-Joachim Wilke, Boris Mizaikoff, Jurgen Beck, Ulrich Hubbe, Cornelia Neidlinger-WilkePLoS ONE 16(6): e0252672. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0252672

Abstract

Background Collagen cross-links contribute to the mechanical resilience of the intervertebral disc (IVD). UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (UVA-CXL) is a well-established and effective ophthalmological intervention that increases the mechanical rigidity of the collagen-rich corneal...Read More

MachOne系统发表的刚度压痕典型文献：

Sensitivity of indentation testing to step-off edges and interface integrity in cartilage repairBae W, Law A, Amiel D and Sah RAnn Biomed Eng, 32(3), 360-369. (2004)

Step-off edges and tissue interfaces are prevalent in cartilage injury such as after intra-articular fracture and reduction, and in focal defects and surgical repair procedures such as osteochondral graft implantation. It would be useful to assess the function of injured or donor tissues near such step-off edges and the extent of integration at material interfaces. The objective of this study was to...Read More

Indentation probing of human articular cartilage: effect on chondrocyte viabilityBae W, Schumacher B and Sah ROsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 15(1), 9-18. (2007)

BACKGROUND: Clinical arthroscopic probes based on indentation testing are being developed. However, the biological effects of certain design parameters (i.e., tip geometry and size) and loading protocols (i.e., indentation depth, rate, and repetition) on human articular cartilage are unclear.

OBJECTIVE: Determine if indenter design and indentation protocol...Read More

Novel Biomechanical Indentation Test Demonstrates Joint Surface Weakening in Mice Lacking Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3)Binette JS, Laflamme F, Li W, Valverde-Franco G, Tran-Khanh N, Quenneville E, Henderson JE and Buschmann MDPaper presented at the 11th Canadian Connective Tissue Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada. (2005)

Recent advances in murine molecular genetics has enabled the production of mice with targeted disruption of genes that regulate cartilage and bone metabolism. These mice represent excellent models to study the 0 16 Wild Type etiology and progression of complex diseases, including arthritis. Mice lacking FGFR3-/- exhibit defects in cartilage and bone metabolism by 4 months of age Novel technology has...Read More

Development and Validation of Large-Sized Engineering Cartilage Constructs in Full-Thickness Chondral Defects in a Rabbit ModelBrenner JMaster thesis Queen's University. (2012)

Long-term applicability of current surgical interventions for the repair of articular cartilage is jeopardized by the formation of mechanically inferior repair tissue. Cartilage tissue engineering offers the possibility of developing functional repair tissue, similar to that of native cartilage, enabling long-lasting repair of cartilage defects. Current techniques, however, rely on the need for a large...Read More

Association of 3-dimensional cartilage and bone structure with articular cartilage properties in and adjacent to autologous osteochondral grafts after 6 and 12 months in a goat modelChan EF, Liu IL, Semler EJ, Aberman HM, Simon TM, Chen AC, Truncale KG and Sah RLCartilage, 3(3), 255-266. (2012)

The articular cartilage of autologous osteochondral grafts is typically different in structure and function from local host cartilage and thereby presents a remodeling challenge. The hypothesis of this study was that properties of the articular cartilage of trochlear autografts and adjacent femoral condyle are associated with the 3-dimensional (3-D) geometrical match between grafted and contralateral...Read More

Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilageGiardini-Rosa R, Joazeiro PP, Thomas K, Collavino K, Weber J and Waldman SDTissue Engineering Part A. Volume 20, Numbers 5 and 6, 2014, pp 1012-26 (2014)

External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new , relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle...Read More

Engineering of Hyaline Cartilage with a Calcified Zone Using Bone Marrow Stromal CellsLee WD, Hurtig MB, Pilliar RM, Stanford WL and Kandel RAOsteoarthritis and Cartilage (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.010

In healthy joints, a zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) provides the mechanical integration between articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Recapitulation of this architectural feature should serve to resist the constant shear force from the movement of the joint and prevent the delamination of tissue-engineered cartilage. Previous approaches to create the ZCC at the cartilage-substrate interface...Read More

Soft Tissue Phantoms for Realistic Needle Insertion - A Comparative StudyLeibinger A, Forte AE, Tan Z, Oldfield MJ, Beyrau F, Dini D and Rodriguez y Baena FAnnals of Biomedical Engineering. pp 1-11 (2015)

Phantoms are common substitutes for soft tissues in biomechanical research and are usually tuned to match tissue properties using standard testing protocols at small strains. However, the response due to complex tool-tissue interactions can differ depending on the phantom and no comprehensive comparative study has been published to date, which could aid researchers to select suitable materials. In...Read More

Characterization of the effect of microfracture surgery and angle of incidence on the structural properties of femoral boneLiang LD, Wagner A, Steeds J, Hurtig M and Gordon KStudies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph, 7(1), 56-61. (2013)

Microfracture surgery is one of the most common treatment options for knee osteoarthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the knee joint. However, a recent study by Theodoropoulos et al. (2012) has shown that there are significant variations in the angle of surgical awl used by surgeons in microfracture surgery as well as in the rehabiliation regimen prescribed following surgery. The purpose of...Read More

Low Magnitude High Frequency Vibration Accelerated Cartilage Degeneration but Improved Epiphyseal Bone Formation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transect Induced Osteoarthritis Rat ModelQin J, Chow S KH, Guo A, Wong WN., Leung KS and Cheung WHOsteoarthritis and Cartilage. July 2014, Vol.22(7):1061–1067. (2014)

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on degenerated articular cartilage and subchondral bone in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced osteoarthritis (OA) rat model.

Methods: 6 months old female Sprague-Dawley rats received ACLT on right knee and randomly divided into treatment and control groups....Read More

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves the Structure and Properties of Scaffold-Free Engineered Auricular Cartilage ConstructsRosa RG, Joazeiro PP, Bianco J, Kunz M, Weber JF, et alPLoS ONE 9(8): e105170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105170. (2014)

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create caffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance...Read More

Relevance of the Spatial Distribution of Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage in Animal StudiesSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, 2015, Poster 0359

Introduction: In cartilage regeneration and repair, mechanical testing of articular cartilage characterizes functional restoration of the repair site [1] and can detect early degeneration of articular cartilage [2]. However, the experimental design often incorporates the use of cartilage adjacent to the treated site or at contralateral sites as normal references to evaluate the effect of treatment...Read More

Evaluation of Entire Ovine Cartilage Repair Articular Surfaces: Mechanical and Electromechanical AssessmentSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, Hurtig MB, Buschmann MD and Hoemann CDTransactions of International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Chicago, 2015, 7-11 May 2015, e-Poster: P87

Purpose: To demonstrate the ability of non-destructive electromechanical device and automated indentation technique in assessing the quality of cartilage in a sheep model of cartilage repair.

Methods: Ex vivo electromechanical and mechanical mappings of articular surfaces (~40 positions/map) were performed over distal condyles from 5 treated sheep (8 – 9 y-o,...Read More

Wound Healing Revealed by a Novel Automated Indentation TechniqueSim S, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDCanadian Connective Tissue Conference 2015 in Quebec, Canada

Introduction: Mechanical characterization of wound healing in skin samples mostly relies on uniaxial tensile rupture tests, which provide local information along the wound and are disruptive for samples (Chao et al., 2011). In this study, we wanted to test the ability of a novel automated indentation technique to non-destructively characterize mechanical properties of the entire wound and its...Read More

Cartilage Stiffness and Thickness Distributions Revealed by an Automated Indentation Technique in the Temporomandibular JointSim S, Matuska A, Garon M, Quenneville E, McFetridge P and Buschmann MDTMJ Bioengineering Conference - V, September 12-13, 2016, Barcelona, Spain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of an automated indentation technique to reveal the topographical variation of mechanical properties over the entire articular surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), especially the thickness and instantaneous modulus (IM). Mechanical properties of visually normal temporal bones and condyles of a porcine TMJ were mapped ex vivo using a...Read More

Elastic modulus of 316 stainless steel lattice structure fabricated via binder jetting processTang Y, Zhou Y, Hoff T, Garon M and Zhao FYMaterials Science and Technology 32(7):1743284715Y.000 · June 2015 DOI: 10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000084

This study mainly evaluates the elastic modulus of 316 stainless steel lattice structures fabricated via binder jetting process. In this present research, both solid and lattice samples are designed and fabricated by binder jetting process for two different types of mechanical tests. Besides experimental study, a numerical model based on energy approach has been proposed to predict the effective elastic...Read More

Defective Bone Mineralization and Osteopenia in Young Adult Fgfr3-/- MiceValverde-Franco G, Liu H, Davidson D, Chai S, Valderrama-Carvajal H, Goltzman D, Ornitz DM and Henderson JEHum Mol Genet, 13(3), 271-284

Mutations that cause constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in letal disorders that are characterized by short-limbed dwarfism and premature closure of cranial sutures. In previous work, it was shown that congenital deficiency of FGFR3 led to letal overgrowth. Using a combination of imaging, classic histology and molecular cell biology we now show that young...Read More

Defects in articular cartilage metabolism and early arthritis in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 deficient miceValverde-Franco G, Binette JS, Li W, Wang H, Chai S, Laflamme F, Tran-Khanh N, Quenneville E, Meijers T, Poole AR, Mort JS, Buschmann MD and Henderson JEHuman molecular genetics, 15(11), 1783-1792. (2006)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 has been identified as a key regulator of endochondral bone development and of post-natal bone metabolism through its action on growth plate chondrocytes and osteoblasts, respectively. It has also been shown to promote chondrogenesis and cartilage production by cultured pre-chondrogenic cells in response to FGF18. In the current studies, we show that the absence...Read More

The Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Compressive Damage Thresholds of C2C12 Mouse Myoblasts: Implications for Deep Tissue InjuryYao Y, Xiao Z, Wong S, Hsu YC, Cheng T, Chang CC, Bian L and Mak AFAnn Biomed Eng. 2015 Feb;43(2):287-96. doi: 10.1007/s10439-014-1239-6. Epub 2015 Jan 6.

Deep tissue injury (DTI) is a severe kind of pressure ulcers formed by sustained deformation of muscle tissues over bony prominences. As a major clinical issue, DTI affects people with physical disabilities, and is obviously related to the load-bearing capacity of muscle cells in various in vivo conditions. It has been hypothesized that oxidative stress, either induced by reperfusion immediately following...Read More

Correlation of Non-destructive Electromechanical Probe () Assessment with Histological Ss, Biochemical Composition and Mechanical Properties in Human Knee JointsSim S, Chevrier A, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, USA, Poster 0439, 2014

Introduction: Histological scoring, biochemical analyses and biomechanical testing (unconfined compression) are often seen as gold standard characterizations for articular cartilage but can present major drawbacks in the context of animal and human studies where characterization of complete intact articular cartilage surfaces is required. In particular, histology, biochemical and mechanical...Read More

A composite hydrogel for brain tissue phantomsForte AE, Galvan S, Manieri F,y Baena FR and Dini DMaterials & Design, 112, 227-238 (2016)

Synthetic phantoms are valuable tools for training, research and development in traditional and computer aided surgery, but complex organs, such as the brain, are difficult to replicate. Here, we present the development of a new composite hydrogel capable of mimicking the mechanical response of brain tissue under loading. Our results demonstrate how the combination of two different hydrogels, whose...Read More

Biomechanical Characterisation of the Human Auricular Cartilage - Implications for Tissue EngineeringGriffin MF, Premakumar Y, Seifalian M, Szarko and Butler PEMAnnals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016. Punlished online, 14Jul2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1688-1

Currently, autologous cartilage provides the gold standard for auricular reconstruction. However, synthetic biomaterials offer a number of advantages for ear reconstruction including decreased donor site morbidity and earlier surgery. Critical to implant success is the material’s mechanical properties as this affects biocompatibility and extrusion. The aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical...Read More

Guidelines for an optimized indentation protocol for measurement of cartilage stiffness - The effects of spatial variation and indentation parametersMoshtagh PR, Pouran B, Korthagen NM, Zadpoor AA and Weinans HJournal of Biomechanics 49(14) · September 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.020

Mechanical properties of articular cartilage that are vital to its function are often determined by indentation tests, which can be performed at different scales. Cartilage tissue exhibits various types of structural, geometrical, and spatial variations that pose strict demands on indentation protocols. This study aims to define a reproducible micro-indentation protocol for measuring the effective...Read More

Streaming Potential-Based Arthroscopic Device Discerns Topographical Differences In Cartilage Covered And Uncovered By Meniscus In Ovine Stifle JointsChangoor A, Quenneville E, Garon M, Cloutier L, Hurtig MB and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 53th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, USA, 32:631. (2007)

Animal models of osteoarthritis have been used for understanding diseaseprogression and are essential for assessing potential new therapies. Ovine models, such as the lateral meniscectomy model, are of interest because meniscectomy models often follow a disease progression similar to that in humans, and joint size is sufficient for multiple analyses of cartilage including biomechanical, biochemical...Read More

ASTM F2451-05 - Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular CartilageASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

This guide is aimed at providing a range of in vivo models to aid in preclinical research and development of tissue engineered medical products intended for the clinical repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
This guide includes a description of the animal models, surgical considerations, and tissue processing as well as the qualitative and quantitative...Read More

MachOne Analysis - Extraction of Elastic Model Parameters Following an Automated Indentation Mapping (SW186-SOP01-D v1)Sim S and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: April 17th, 2015

Purpose
This procedure describes a method to extract elastic model parameters (Instantaneous modulus, which is referred as the Young’s modulus in MachOne analysis, and shear modulus) from MachOne files generated during an automated indentation mapping of a surface (as per MA056-SOP01-D). It also describes the creation of a corresponding “.map” characterization file.

Scope...Read More

Change in viability of C2C12 myoblasts under compression, shear and oxidative challengesHong Y, Yao Y, Wong S, Bian L and Mak AFJournal of biomechanics, 49(8), 1305-1310. (2016)

letal and epidermal loadings can damage muscle cells and contribute to the development of deep tissue injury (DTI) – a severe kind of pressure ulcers affecting many people with disability. Important predisposing factors include the multiaxial stress and strain fields in the internal tissues, particularly the vulnerable muscles around bony prominences. A careful study of the mechanical damage thresholds...Read More

The Verification of the Mechanical Properties of Binder Jetting Manufactured Parts by Instrumented Indentation TestingZhou Y, Tang Y, Hoff T, Garon M and Fiona Yaoyao Zhao43rd Proceedingsof the North American Manufacturing Research. Volume 1, Pages 327–342. (2014)

In order to figure out the mechanical properties of free form biomedical parts made by Additive Manufacturing (AM), Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) is introduced to measure the Young’s modulus from the free surface of the parts. The research also conducted several other different methodologies alongside the IIT in measuring the effective Young’s modulus as a comparison. A special designed...Read More

Review Paper: Fifty years of brain tissue mechanical testing: From in vitro to in vivo investigationsChatelin S, Constantinesco A and Willinger RBiorheology 47 (2010) 255–276. DOI 10.3233/BIR-2010-0576

Beginning in the 1960s many studies have been performed to investigate the mechanical properties of brain. In this paper we point out the difficulties linked with in vitro experimental protocols as well as the advantages of using recently developed non-invasive in vivo techniques, such as magnetic resonance elastography. Results of in vitro and in vivo work are compared, emphasizing the specificities...Read More

Indentation and Thickness Mapping of Articular Surfaces through Manual Positioning (Protocol Template AAAX1 v1)BMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: December 6th, 2016.

Purpose

This editable document (MS Word format) is a blank protocol template created to facilitate the creation of your own study protocol involving the indentation and thickness mapping of articular surfaces through manual positioning. It provides suggestions on how to:

properly position and secure in place an articular surface into a testing chamber,

create...Read More

ASTM E384 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of MaterialsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

5.1 Hardness tests have been found to be very useful for materials evaluation, quality control of manufacturing processes and research and development efforts. Hardness, although empirical in nature, can be correlated to tensile strength for many metals and alloys, and is also an indicator of machinability, wear resistance, toughness and ductility.

5.2...Read More

Comparisons of Auricular Cartilage Tissues from Different SpeciesLLY Chiu, R Giardini-Rosa, JF Weber, SL Cushing and SD WaldmanAnn Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2017 Dec;126(12):819-828. doi: 10.1177/0003489417738789. Epub 2017 Oct 27.

OBJECTIVES:

Tissue engineering of auricular cartilage has great potential in providing readily available materials for reconstructive surgeries. As the field of tissue engineering moves forward to developing human tissues, there needs to be an interspecies comparison of the native auricular cartilage in order to determine a suitable animal model to assess the performance...Read More

Automated Indentation Mapping of Vocal Fold Structure and Cover Properties across SpeciesGregory R. Dion, MD, Jean-Francois Lavoie, PhD, Paulo Coelho, DDS, PhD, Milan R. Amin, MD, Ryan C. Branski, PhDLaryngoscope. 2018 Nov 8. doi: 10.1002/lary.27341

Objectives/Hypothesis: Various animal models have been employed to investigate vocal fold (VF) and phonatory function. However, biomechanical testing techniques to characterize vocal fold structural properties vary and have not compared critical properties across species. We adapted a nondestructive, automated indentation mapping technique to simultaneously quantify VF structural...Read More

In Situ Cross-Linking of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide–Polyethylene Glycol Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Artificial Cartilage Replacement: Intercalation Structure, Unconfined Compressive Behavior, and Biotribological BehaviorsMeng, Yeqiao; Ye, Lin; Coates, Phil; Twigg, PeterJ. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122 (5), pp 3157–3167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12465

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite hydrogel as artificial cartilage replacement was prepared via freezing/thawing method by introducing polyethylene glycol (PEG). Efficient grafting of PVA molecules onto GO surface was realized by formation of hydrogen bonding, resulting in exfoliation and uniform distribution of GO in PVA matrix. By introduction of appropriate content of GO,...Read More

Optimising the decellularization of human elastic cartilage with trypsin for future use in ear reconstructionRahman, Shafiq; Griffin, Michelle; Naik, Anish; Szarko, Matthew; Butler, Peter EMScientific Reports (2018) 8:3097 DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-20592-x

Decellularized scaffolds can induce chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study compares different methods to optimise the decellularization of auricular cartilage. The process consisted of an initial 12?hour dry freeze thaw which froze the cartilage specimens in an empty tube at ?20?°C. Samples were allowed to thaw at room temperature followed by submersion in phosphate buffer solution...Read More

Long Term Efficacy of Cartilage Repair Induced By scSOX9 in Situ with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsZhang X, Wu S, Zhu Y, Chu CQArthritis Rheumatol. 2018; 70 (suppl 10). Abstract Number 850

Background/Purpose: Microfracture induces fibrocartilage or fibro-hyaline cartilage both are biomechanically inferior to hyaline cartilage. We reported previously that a super positively charged SOX9 (scSOX9) improved the quality of microfracture induced cartilage repair by inducing mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes and promoting hyaline-like cartilage. Here we examined...Read More

Dynamic covalent Schiff-base silicone polymers and elastomersRobert Bui and Michael A. BrookPolymer. Volume 160, 3 January 2019, Pages 282-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.043

Polymers with dynamically exchanging crosslinks possess the ability to be repurposed, in whole or part, following a stimulus. The ability of imines to undergo dynamic exchange reactions under mild conditions was utilized to chain extend or crosslink silicone polymers. Schiff-base crosslinked polysiloxanes were prepared by reacting aminopropyl-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane with aromatic aldehydes....Read More

Multi-modal characterization of polymeric gels to determine the influence of testing method on observed elastic modulusDavid M. Kingsley, Caitlin H.McCleery, Christopher D.L.Johnson, Michael T.K.Bramson, Deniz Rende, Ryan J.Gilbert, David T.CorrJournal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, available online 10 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.003

Demand for materials that mechanically replicate native tissue has driven development and characterization of various new biomaterials. However, a consequence of materials and characterization technique diversity is a lack of consensus within the field, with no clear way to compare values measured via different modalities. This likely contributes to the difficulty in replicating findings across the...Read More

A study of saliva lubrication using a compliant oral mimicG. Carpenter, S. Bozorgi, S. Vladescu, A.E. Forte, C. Myant, R.V. Potineni, T. Reddyhoff, and S.K. BaierFood Hydrocolloids, Elsevier, Available online 23 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.049

Due to ethical issues and the difficulty in obtaining biological tissues, it is important to find synthetic elastomers that can be used as replacement test media for research purposes. An important example of this is friction testing to understand the mechanisms behind mouthfeel attributes during food consumption (e.g. syrupy, body and clean finish), which requires an oral mimic. In order to assess...Read More

Intervertebral disc implantR Kandel, JP Santerre, SQ LiUS Patent App. 10195044, 2019

The present inventors have generated the tissues that comprise the intervertebral disc and have established viable protocols and tissue conditions that facilitate integration of all the tissue components into one functional tissue so it can weight bear following implantation. In particular, the inventors have prepared an intervertebral disc implant containing different integrated components (the...Read More

Ultrashort Time to Echo Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition in Human MenisciFinkenstaedt T, Biswas R, Abeydeera NA, Siriwanarangsun P, Healey R, Statum S, Bae WC and Chung CBInvest Radiol. 2019 Jun. 54(6):349-355.

OBJECTIVES:

In human menisci, we aimed to investigate whether calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) affects biomechanical and quantitative MR properties, and their zonal distribution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

From 9 cadaveric knees, sectioned triangular meniscus pieces were harvested. Samples were classified into "normal"...Read More

Simulation of Acoustic Propagation in 3D Viscoelastic Inhomogeneous Media with Application to Medical Shear Wave ElastographyP. S. Bidari, H. Assi, R. S. C. Cobbold, J. Alirezaie and J. TavakkoliJournal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics Vol. 27, No. 03, 1950003 (2019) Research Papers, https://doi.org/10.1142/S2591728519500038

This paper proposes a new numerical framework to simulate ultrasound wave propagation in 3D viscoelastic heterogeneous media based on the elastodynamic wave equation including a 3D second-order time-domain perfectly matched layer formulation. A finite difference discretization of this formulation is presented, along with a stability analysis. The resulting model is capable of simulating 3D shear...Read More

Changes in Free Calcium Alter the Mechanical Properties of the Intervertebral DiscI. Hadjab, M.P. Grant, L.M. Epure, M. Garon, E. Quenneville, J. Anthoniou, F. Mwale and M.D. BuschmannInternational Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues, Hawaii, USA, 1 2 Dec 2017, Podium O.48. Presented by E. Quenneville

Introduction: Low back pain is often attributed to pathological intervertebral disc (IVD) mechanics. Since we recently discovered that increased free calcium (Ca2+) concentration in the human IVD leads to matrix degradation, we hypothesized that elevations in Ca2+ also impair IVD mechanics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of free Ca2+ on the mechanical properties of the...Read More

Redifferentiated Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering and RepairVanessa Juliana BianchiPhD Thesis, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto, 2019

When chondrocytes are passaged, they lose their phenotype and the ability to form hyaline articular cartilage (AC) in a process termed dedifferentiation, limiting their clinical applications. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) is known to differentiate human progenitor cells to chondrocytes by upregulating chondrogenic genes. Therefore, we tested if TGFb could redifferentiate...Read More

Combinatorial extracellular matrix microarray identifies novel bioengineered substrates for xeno-free culture of human pluripotent stem cellsRG Ireland, M Kibschull, J Audet, M Ezzo, B Hinz, SJ Lye and CA SimmonsBiomaterials 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120017

Stem cells in their microenvironment are exposed to a plethora of biochemical signals and biophysical forces. Interrogating the role of each factor in the cell microenvironment, however, remains difficult due to the inability to study microenvironmental cues and tease apart their interactions in high throughput. To address this need, we developed an extracellular matrix (ECM) microarray screening...Read More

Catalyst Free Silicone Sealants That Cure UnderwaterRobert Bui and Michael A. BrookAdvanced Functional Materials. First published:09 April 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000737

Silicone sealants and adhesives are widely used to prevent the ingress of water. However, silicones must normally be cured in air, as excess water inhibits or prevents cure from occurring. It is reported that aqueous solutions of the aliphatic aldehydes glutaraldehyde, glyoxal or, particularly, formaldehyde rapidly react without catalysts with a variety of aminopropyl?modified silicone polymers...Read More

Rapid, catalyst-free crosslinking of silicones using triazinesAyodele Fatona Andrew Osamudiamen Jose Moran?Mirabal Michael A. BrookJ Polym Sci. 2020; 1– 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20200289

Abstract Silicone elastomers are a class of polymers that are typically cured with metal?based catalysts. There is a need to reduce the presence of metals in polymers for both cost and environmental reasons. We describe the preparation of amino?triazinyl silicone networks that are readily formed, without catalysts, from aminopropyl silicones and cyanuric chloride or, more practicably, a...Read More

Reversible Redox Crosslinking of ThiopropylsiliconesZheng, S., Brook, M. A.Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2020, 2000375. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000375

Most silicone elastomers are thermosets. As a response to the new paradigm of polymer recyclability, the development of silicone elastomers that can be reversibly and repeatedly cured and uncrosslinked using redox conditions is reported. Thiopropyl?modified silicones are oxidized to elastomers with disulfide crosslinks using the organosoluble oxidant PhI(OAc)2. As with any elastomer, mechanical...Read More

Stretchable 3D cell laden hydrogel microarray platforms for combinatorial screening of cell mechanoresponsesKabilan SakthivelTHE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, UBC Thesis and dissertations, PhD Thesis, October 2020

Cells in vivo are constantly subjected to multiple microenvironmental mechanical stimuli that regulate cell function. Although two-dimensional (2D) cell responses to the mechanical stimulation have been established; these methods lack relevance as physiological cell microenvironments are in three dimensions (3D). Moreover, the existing platforms developed for studying the cell responses to...Read More

Photochemically Activated Notch Signaling Hydrogel Preferentially Differentiates Human Derived Hepatoblasts to CholangiocytesMuhammad Rizwan, Ana Fokina, Tove Kivijarvi, Mina Ogawa, Markus Kufleitner, Onofrio Laselva, Laura J. Smith, Christine E. Bear, Shinichiro Ogawa, Gordon Keller and Molly S. ShoichetAdvanced Functional Materials. First published: 23 October 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202006116

Abstract

Cholangiocytes form an intricate network of bile ducts to enable proper liver function; yet, recapitulating human stem cell differentiation to cholangiocytes in vitro requires Notch signaling and soluble ligands do not activate the Notch pathway. To overcome these limitations, jagged1 is immobilized on a chemically defined hyaluronan to specifically differentiate...Read More

Development of bentonite-gelatin nanocomposite hybrid hydrogels for tissue engineeringMahmoud A.Sakr, Mohamed G.A.Mohamed, Ruolin Wu, Su Ryon Shin, Daniel Kim, Keekyoung Kim, and Sumi SiddiquaApplied Clay Science Volume 199, 1 December 2020, 105860 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105860

Abstract

Clay nanocomposite hydrogels show great potential in tissue engineering applications due to their large layer space, cationic exchange capability, antimicrobial activity and advances in cell attachment and cell proliferation. Bentonite is a natural clay composed of a multi-layered structure with calcium and sodium cations between the tetrahedral and the octahedral...Read More

Long Term Durable Repaired Cartilage Induced By SOX9 in Situ with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsXiaowei Zhang, Shili Wu, Yong Zhu and Cong-Qiu ChuInternational Journal of Medical Sciences https://www.medsci.org/v18p1399.htm

Abstract

Background: Microfracture is a common procedure for cartilage repair, but it often produces inferior fibrocartilage. We previously reported that a super positively charged SOX9 (scSOX9) promoted hyaline-like cartilage regeneration by inducing bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes in vivo. Here...Read More

Long-term equine cartilage groove model Structural, compositional, and functional effects of blunt and sharp cartilage damage on the joint: a 9-month equine groove model study.te Moller, N.C., Mohammadi, A., Plomp, S., Serra Bragança, F.M., Beukers, M., Pouran, B., Afara, I.O., Nippolainen, E., Mäkelä, J.T., Korhonen, R.K., Töyräs, J., Brommer, H. and René van Weeren, P.J Orthop Res. Accepted Author Manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24971

Abstract

This study aimed to quantify the long-term progression of blunt and sharp cartilage defects and their effect on joint homeostasis and function of the equine carpus. In nine adult Shetland ponies, the cartilage in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joint of one front limb was grooved (blunt or sharp randomized). The ponies were subjected to an 8-week exercise protocol...Read More

The Effect of Helium Ion Radiation on the Material Properties of BonePatricia K. Thomas, Lindsay K. Sullivan, Gary H. Dickinson, Catherine M. Davis and Anthony G. LauCalcified Tissue International (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00806-7

Abstract

Ionizing radiation, from both space and radiation therapy, is known to affect bone health. While there have been studies investigating changes in bone density and microstructure from radiation exposure, the effects of radiation on material properties are unknown. The current study addresses this gap by assessing bone material property changes in rats exposed...Read More

The migration of metastatic breast cancer cells is regulated by matrix stiffness via YAP signallingWei Chen, Shihyun Park, Chrishma Patel, Yuxin Bai, Karim Henary, Arjun Raha, Saeed Mohammadi, Lidan You, and Fei GengHeliyon, Volume 7, Issue 2, 2021, e06252, ISSN 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06252.

Abstract

Matrix stiffness is a driver of breast cancer progression and mechanosensitive transcriptional activator YAP plays an important role in this process. However, the interplay between breast cancer and matrix stiffness, and the significance of this interplay remained largely unknown. Here, we showed an increase in YAP nuclear localization and a higher proliferation...Read More

A novel palpation–based method for tumor nodule quantification in soft tissue—computational framework and experimental validationJavier Palacio-Torralba, Robert L. Reuben, Yuhang Chen

Abstract

Variation in mechanical properties is a useful marker for cancer in soft tissue and has been used in clinical diagnosis for centuries. However, to develop such methods as instrumented palpation, there remain challenges in using the mechanical response during palpation to quantify tumor load. This study proposes a computational framework of identification and...Read More

Elastomeric Silicone Sponges for Bleach DeliverySijia Zheng and Michael A. BrookCS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2021, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXX Publication Date:March 29, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00101

Abstract

Topical disinfection protocols to inactivate organisms, particularly on high contact surfaces, have become increasingly important. A classical oxidative agent, sodium hypochlorite (bleach), has many benefits, but can be problematic during applications because of its ability to oxidize the organic polymers in which it is contained. We demonstrate that bleach-containing...Read More

Machine learning augmented near-infrared spectroscopy: In vivo follow-up of cartilage defectsJ.K. Sarin, N.C.R. te Moller, A. Mohammadi, M. Prakash, J. Torniainen, H. Brommer, E. Nippolainen, R. Shaikh, J.T.A. Mäkelä, R.K. Korhonen, P.R. van Weeren, I.O. Afara, J. Töyräs,Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Volume 29, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 423-432, ISSN 1063-4584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.007.

Abstract

Objective

      To assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for in vivo arthroscopic monitoring of cartilage defects.

Method

      Sharp and blunt cartilage...Read More

Can UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking be transferred from ophthalmology to spine surgery? A feasibility study on bovine intervertebral discIoannis Vasilikos, Graciosa Q. Teixeira, Andreas Seitz, Julia Nothelfer, Julian Haas, Hans-Joachim Wilke, Boris Mizaikoff, Jurgen Beck, Ulrich Hubbe, Cornelia Neidlinger-WilkePLoS ONE 16(6): e0252672. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0252672

Abstract

Background Collagen cross-links contribute to the mechanical resilience of the intervertebral disc (IVD). UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (UVA-CXL) is a well-established and effective ophthalmological intervention that increases the mechanical rigidity of the collagen-rich corneal...Read More

MachOne系统发表压痕（硬度）Indentation (Hardness)典型文献：

ASTM E384 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of MaterialsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

5.1 Hardness tests have been found to be very useful for materials evaluation, quality control of manufacturing processes and research and development efforts. Hardness, although empirical in nature, can be correlated to tensile strength for many metals and alloys, and is also an indicator of machinability, wear resistance, toughness and ductility.

5.2...Read More

ASTM C1327 - Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced CeramicsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org

Significance and Use
5.1 For advanced ceramics, Vickers indenters are used to create indentations whose surface-projected diagonals are measured with optical microscopes. The Vickers indenter creates a square impression from which two surface-projected diagonal lengths are measured. Vickers hardness is calculated from the ratio of the applied force to the area of contact of the four...Read More

MachOne - Hardness Testing (MA056-SOP12-D v1)Gilbert N and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: December 9th, 2016

Purpose: This procedure describes a standard method to realize an indentation hardness test on a material sample using the MachOne mechanical tester.

Scope: This procedure can be applied on any type of material with shape and dimension compatible with the specifications presented in the material section while the expected hardness results remain within tester...Read More

The Effect of Helium Ion Radiation on the Material Properties of BonePatricia K. Thomas, Lindsay K. Sullivan, Gary H. Dickinson, Catherine M. Davis and Anthony G. LauCalcified Tissue International (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00806-7

Abstract

Ionizing radiation, from both space and radiation therapy, is known to affect bone health. While there have been studies investigating changes in bone density and microstructure from radiation exposure, the effects of radiation on material properties are unknown. The current study addresses this gap by assessing bone material property changes in rats exposed

MachOne系统发表的3D 厚度映射（3D THICKNESS MAPPING）典型文献：

Sensitivity of indentation testing to step-off edges and interface integrity in cartilage repairBae W, Law A, Amiel D and Sah RAnn Biomed Eng, 32(3), 360-369. (2004)

Step-off edges and tissue interfaces are prevalent in cartilage injury such as after intra-articular fracture and reduction, and in focal defects and surgical repair procedures such as osteochondral graft implantation. It would be useful to assess the function of injured or donor tissues near such step-off edges and the extent of integration at material interfaces. The objective of this study was to...Read More

Development and Validation of Large-Sized Engineering Cartilage Constructs in Full-Thickness Chondral Defects in a Rabbit ModelBrenner JMaster thesis Queen's University. (2012)

Long-term applicability of current surgical interventions for the repair of articular cartilage is jeopardized by the formation of mechanically inferior repair tissue. Cartilage tissue engineering offers the possibility of developing functional repair tissue, similar to that of native cartilage, enabling long-lasting repair of cartilage defects. Current techniques, however, rely on the need for a large...Read More

Assessment of Human Articular Cartilage Issued from Asymptomatic & TKR DonorsHadjab I, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDBiomedical Engineering Society 2015 in Tampa, Floride

Introduction: Cartilage degeneration is a progressive process and currently, only end-stage surgical treatments such as total knee replacement (TKR) lead to an improved condition. To prevent or delay this surgery, several less invasive alternatives could be considered, such as pharmacological treatments, scaffolds and partial replacements1. However, current diagnostic techniques are limited...Read More

Micro-CT visualization and indentation properties of whole meniscus following mercury exposureKolaczek S, Changoor A, Hurtig M, Gordon K and Getgood AAnnual Meeting of the ORS, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 15-18, 2014.

A major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is meniscal injury or excision. Surgeons now advocate for meniscal repair or allografts rather than excision with this knowledge in hand. Clinical assessment of the meniscal load sharing is limited to meniscus position by MRI, so the efficacy of replacement and repair must be done in cadaveric knees. In the past, pressure sensitive film and mechanical...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritis Mice Using IndentationLavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CE2015 International Cartilage Repair Society, May 7-11 2015, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Podium presentation (ID: 23.2.9)

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain (STR/ort)...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritic Mice Using IndentationLavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CEOsteoarthritis and Cartilage 23 Suppl. 2, p. A254 (2015)

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain (STR/ort)...Read More

Soft Tissue Phantoms for Realistic Needle Insertion - A Comparative StudyLeibinger A, Forte AE, Tan Z, Oldfield MJ, Beyrau F, Dini D and Rodriguez y Baena FAnnals of Biomedical Engineering. pp 1-11 (2015)

Phantoms are common substitutes for soft tissues in biomechanical research and are usually tuned to match tissue properties using standard testing protocols at small strains. However, the response due to complex tool-tissue interactions can differ depending on the phantom and no comprehensive comparative study has been published to date, which could aid researchers to select suitable materials. In...Read More

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves the Structure and Properties of Scaffold-Free Engineered Auricular Cartilage ConstructsRosa RG, Joazeiro PP, Bianco J, Kunz M, Weber JF, et alPLoS ONE 9(8): e105170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105170. (2014)

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create caffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Mice Articular Surfaces Using IndentationSim S, Lavoie JF, Moreau A, Quenneville E, Garon M, and Buschmann MDOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22(1), 541. World Congress on Osteoarthritis, April 2014, Paris, France.

Purpose: An important measure of articular cartilage function in health and disease is its biomechanical properties. While much research has mouse models of osteoarthritis, the assessment of biomechanical properties in these small joints is quite challenging. We have previously developed novel and easily implemented indentation technique on sheep stifle joints and rat knee joints. The purpose...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Articular Surfaces Using Indentation to Identify Degenerated (Osteoarthritis-like) CartilageSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MD7th World Congress on Biomechanics, 2014, Boston, MA, USA. Poster 2229

Introduction: A currently unsatisfied need in Arthritis and cartilage research is to assess the function of the entire articular cartilage surface both quantitatively and non-destructively. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel automatic technique to characterize mechanical properties of entire articular surfaces in indentation in order to rapidly discriminate...Read More

Indentation Method to Map Mechanical Properties of Articular Surface to Identify Degenerated RegionsSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MD2014 Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, 2014, San Antonio, TX, USA. Podium presentation (ID: OP-Sat-3-4)

Introduction: The identification and quantitative grading of early degenerated regions over an entire articular surface remains a challenging quest. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel technique to automatically characterize mechanical properties of entire human articular surfaces in indentation in order to rapidly and non-destructively discriminate between...Read More

Relevance of the Spatial Distribution of Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage in Animal StudiesSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, 2015, Poster 0359

Introduction: In cartilage regeneration and repair, mechanical testing of articular cartilage characterizes functional restoration of the repair site [1] and can detect early degeneration of articular cartilage [2]. However, the experimental design often incorporates the use of cartilage adjacent to the treated site or at contralateral sites as normal references to evaluate the effect of treatment...Read More

Evaluation of Entire Ovine Cartilage Repair Articular Surfaces: Mechanical and Electromechanical AssessmentSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, Hurtig MB, Buschmann MD and Hoemann CDTransactions of International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Chicago, 2015, 7-11 May 2015, e-Poster: P87

Purpose: To demonstrate the ability of non-destructive electromechanical device and automated indentation technique in assessing the quality of cartilage in a sheep model of cartilage repair.

Methods: Ex vivo electromechanical and mechanical mappings of articular surfaces (~40 positions/map) were performed over distal condyles from 5 treated sheep (8 – 9 y-o,...Read More

Wound Healing Revealed by a Novel Automated Indentation TechniqueSim S, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDCanadian Connective Tissue Conference 2015 in Quebec, Canada

Introduction: Mechanical characterization of wound healing in skin samples mostly relies on uniaxial tensile rupture tests, which provide local information along the wound and are disruptive for samples (Chao et al., 2011). In this study, we wanted to test the ability of a novel automated indentation technique to non-destructively characterize mechanical properties of the entire wound and its...Read More

Development of a Sequence of Mechanical Tests for Articular Cartilage at a Single LocationSim S, Chartrand A, Lavallee AP, Tessier J, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Orlando, 2016

In a recent study, our group has highlighted the importance of considering the natural topographic variability of the mechanical properties over the articular surface, particularly in the context of cartilage repair, where it can screen the effect of a treatment [1]. Moreover, the availability of test sample is limited in those repair studies since the regions of interest are often limited in size....Read More

Cartilage Stiffness and Thickness Distributions Revealed by an Automated Indentation Technique in the Temporomandibular JointSim S, Matuska A, Garon M, Quenneville E, McFetridge P and Buschmann MDTMJ Bioengineering Conference - V, September 12-13, 2016, Barcelona, Spain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of an automated indentation technique to reveal the topographical variation of mechanical properties over the entire articular surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), especially the thickness and instantaneous modulus (IM). Mechanical properties of visually normal temporal bones and condyles of a porcine TMJ were mapped ex vivo using a...Read More

Correlation of Non-destructive Electromechanical Probe () Assessment with Histological Ss, Biochemical Composition and Mechanical Properties in Human Knee JointsSim S, Chevrier A, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, USA, Poster 0439, 2014

Introduction: Histological scoring, biochemical analyses and biomechanical testing (unconfined compression) are often seen as gold standard characterizations for articular cartilage but can present major drawbacks in the context of animal and human studies where characterization of complete intact articular cartilage surfaces is required. In particular, histology, biochemical and mechanical...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Articular Surfaces Using Indentation to Identify Osteoarthritis-like RegionsSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2014, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2015, Poster #2015

Introduction: It is challenging to identify and grade degenerated regions of the entire articular surface both quantitatively and non-destructively. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel technique to automatically characterize mechanical properties of entire articular surfaces in indentation to rapidly discriminate between damaged articular cartilage...Read More

Evaluation of a novel technique to map the mechanical properties of an entire articular surface in indentationSim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Hoemann CD, Hurtig M and Buschmann MDInternational Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Turkey, 2013, Podium presentation (11.2.9)

Purpose: Mechanical testing of articular cartilage is recommended by the FDA for products intended for the repair or replacement of knee cartilage. One experimental configuration that has many practical advantages is indentation. However, one limitation is the need to perpendicularly position the articular surface to the indenter. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of...Read More

ASTM F2451-05 - Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular CartilageASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

This guide is aimed at providing a range of in vivo models to aid in preclinical research and development of tissue engineered medical products intended for the clinical repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
This guide includes a description of the animal models, surgical considerations, and tissue processing as well as the qualitative and quantitative...Read More

ASTM F2791 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Surface Texture of Non-Porous Biomaterials in Two DimensionsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

4.1 The term “surface texture” is used to describe the local deviations of a surface from an ideal shape. Surface texture usually consists of long wavelength repetitive features that occur as results of chatter, vibration, or heat treatments during the manufacture of implants. Short wavelength features superimposed on the long wavelength features of the surface,...Read More

Mach - Automated Thickness Mapping of an Articular Surface (MA056-SOP02-D v2)Sim S and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: April 7th, 2015

Purpose: This procedure describes a standard method to realize an automated thickness mapping over the non-planar surface of articular cartilage using the MachOne mechanical tester (model v500css or v500csst, with software add-on for Automated Thickness Mapping).

Scope: This procedure can be used for the ex vivo automated thickness mapping over...Read More

MachOne Analysis - Extraction of Thickness Values Following Automated Thickness Mapping of an Articular Surface (SW186-SOP02-D v1)Sim S, Lavoie JF and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: April 22th, 2015

Purpose
This procedure describes a method to extract the thickness of cartilage from MachOne files generated during an automated thickness mapping of an articular surface (as per MA056-SOP02-D). It also describes the creation of a corresponding “.map” characterization file.
Scope
This procedure can be applied using any MachOne result file obtained...Read More

Indentation and Thickness Mapping of Articular Surfaces through Manual Positioning (Protocol Template AAAX1 v1)BMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: December 6th, 2016.

Purpose

This editable document (MS Word format) is a blank protocol template created to facilitate the creation of your own study protocol involving the indentation and thickness mapping of articular surfaces through manual positioning. It provides suggestions on how to:

properly position and secure in place an articular surface into a testing chamber,

create...Read More

Combined Mechanical Characterizations Increases Sensitivity in the Assessment of Human Cartilage DegenerationSim S, Hadjab I, Chevrolat L-A, Masse M, Tong AL, Lavigne P, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDAccepted for a podium presentation at ORS 2017

Introduction: We published a recent study showing superior sensitivity of electromechanical and indentation (instantaneous response) assessments versus well-established techniques, including histological Mankin s, to characterize cartilage degeneration. This study aims to determine whether the combination of instantaneous, relaxation and equilibrium mechanical properties and friction...Read More

Electromechanical probe and automated indentation maps are sensitive techniques in assessing early degenerated human articular cartilageSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E, Lavigne P, Yaroshinsky A, Hoemann CD and Buschmann MDJ Orthop Res, 35(4) 858-867. (2017) Epub 2016 Jun 22

Recent advances in the development of new drugs to halt or even reverse the progression of Osteoarthritis at an early-stage requires new tools to detect early degeneration of articular cartilage. We investigated the ability of an electromechanical...Read More

Study of the evolution of the osteoarthritis pathology and the mechanical properties of cartilage in a spontaneous osteoarthritis model in the Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.Legrand C, Centonze P, Comblain F, Lambert C, Sanchez C and Henrotin YOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25, s314-s315.

Purpose: In animal models, the severity of cartilage damage is assessed by histological ss evaluating the structure, the proteoglycan content, Read More

Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) attenuation is associated with stiffness of intact knee cartilageNickmanesh, Reza; Stewart, Rachel C.; Snyder, Brian D.; Grinstaff, Mark W.; Masri, Bassam A.; Wilson, David R.J. Orthop. Res. First published: 17 April 2018 doi:10.1002/jor.24022

Contrast?enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using charged contrast?agents enables quantification of cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. Since glycosaminoglycan content is a key determinant of cartilage compressive stiffness, CECT measurements have the potential to non?invasively assess cartilage stiffness. The objective of this study was to determine whether CECT attenuation, using a cationic contrast?agent...Read More

Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivoLegrand, Catherine; Ahmed, Usman; Anwar, Attia; Rajpoot, Kashif; Pasha, Sabah; Lambert, Cecile; Davidson, Rose K.; Clark, Ian M.; Thornalley, Paul J.; Henrotin, YvesArthritis Research & Therapy 2018 20:131 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6

Background
Changes of serum concentrations of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids and hydroxyproline and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status combined by machine learning techniques in algorithms have recently been found to provide improved diagnosis and typing of early-stage arthritis of the knee, including osteoarthritis (OA), in patients. The association of glycated, oxidized,...Read More

Investigating the role of in vivo cell cycle activation within mesenchymal stem cells in the regenerative potential of articular cartilage after injuryMasson, A. O.; Underhill, T. M.; Edwards, W. B.; Krawetz, R. J.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (2018) S38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.092

Purpose: Cartilage has intrinsic poor healing capacity after injury, which can lead to the development of degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Current treatments for OA are unable to effectively stop or delay disease progression. Hence, the development of methods for regenerating cartilage with sustained effects is clinically relevant. Deletion of the p21CIP1/WAF1 gene in mice results...Read More

Quantifying the Effects of Different Treadmill Training Speeds and Durations on the Health of Rat Knee JointsRios, Jaqueline Lourdes; Boldt, Kevin Rudi; Mather, James William; Seerattan, Ruth Anne; Hart, David Arthur; Herzog, WalterSports Medicine - Open 2018 4:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0127-2

Background Walking and running provide cyclical loading to the knee which is thought essential for joint health within a physiological window. However, exercising outside the physiological window, e.g. excessive cyclical loading, may produce loading conditions that could be detrimental to joint health and lead to injury and, ultimately, osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects...Read More

Bioinspired lubrication: from fundamentals to joint protectionX. Banquy, J. Faivre, G. Xie, K. Matyjaszewski, T. Delair, L. David, J. Burdynska, F. Moldovan, S. Benayoun, B. ShresthaICoBT, Montreal, Canada, September 27 2018. Oral presentation S8.1.

Introduction: We describe the design of bioinspired lubricating and wear protecting fluids based on synergistic mixtures of bottle brushes (BB) and linear polymers solutions. To illustrate this concept we used hyaluronic acid (HA) - a naturally occurring linear polyelectrolyte, and water soluble synthetic BB polymers. Individually, these two polymers exhibit poor wear protecting capabilities compared...Read More

Viscoelasticity and histology of the human cartilage in healthy and degenerated conditions of the kneeMichael Seidenstuecker, Julius Watrinet , Anke Bernstein, Norbert P. Suedkamp , Sergio H. Latorre Anastasija Maks and Hermann O. MayrJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, November 2019, 14:256. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1308-5

Background: There are many studies on osteoarthritis, but only a few studies deal with human arthrosis, comparing the mechanical properties of healthy and diseased samples. In most of these studies, only isolated areas of the tibia are examined. There is currently only one study investigating the complete mapping of cartilage tissue but not the difference between instantaneous modulus (IM)...Read More

Automated Indentation of Femoral and Temporomandibular Joints for Characterization of Cartilage Tissue Quality in Fgf2 KO Mice.Tannin SchmidtPoster SAT-996. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 21 Sep 2019, Orlando, Florida, USA

PURPOSE: Degenerative disorders affecting the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and the articular cartilage (AC) of the knee joint, are common chronic conditions. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a critical growth factor in maintaining knee joint homeostasis; however, there are no studies on its role in maintenance of the TMJ. While a common, qualitative,...Read More

Bottlebrush polymer compositions, lubricating fluid, porous materials comprising said compositions, and surface bearing said compositionsX. Banquy, J. Faivre, B.R.Shrestha, K. Matyjaszewski, J.Burdynska and F. MoldovanUS Patent App. 16/095,051, 2019

A mixture of polymers with lubricating properties is provided. The polymer can be used to produce a lubricating fluid. They can also be born on a surface or embedded in a porous material. This mixture of polymers comprises (a) a pharmaceutically acceptable bottle-brush polymer comprising a back bone with polymeric pendant chains, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable linear polymer. In the lubricating...Read More

Moderate exercise prevents cartilage softening and muscle structural changes in a rat model of obesityJ.L. Rios, J.W. Mather, J. Michaiel, S.M. Mattiello and W. HerzogOARSI Journal, April 2019 Volume 27, Supplement 1, Page S155

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating chronicdisease. Currently, there is no cure or disease modifying treatment for OA.Using a Sprague-Dawley rat model, it has been shown that ahigh-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet induced obesity leads to histological OA-likechanges in the knee, and an infiltration of fat, collagen, and macrophages intoletal muscle within 12-weeks. Additionally,...Read More

Setting up a pre-clinical human model for mechanical induced osteoarthritis to investigate potential pharmacological agentsE. Houtman, M. van Hoolwerff, R. Coutinho De Almeida, A. Rodriguez Ruiz, N. Lakenberg, H.E. Suchiman, M. Tuerlings, R.G. Timmermans, R.G. Nelissen, Y.F. Ramos and I. MeulenbeltOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, April 2019, Volume 27, Supplement 1, Pages S80–S81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.114

Purpose:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and bone spur formation. Due to the fact that there are no disease modifying drugs, OA is placing a high burden on society occurring during diseases. By applying genetic analyses and functional follow up research, our group demonstrated that the upregulation of the type IIiodothyronine deiodinase...Read More

The effect of in vivo chondrocyte depletion on the structural and functional properties of murine articular cartilageA.O. Masson, J.M. Corpuz, W.B. Edwards and R.J. KrawetzOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, April 2019, Volume 27, Supplement 1, Page S80

Articular cartilage is an intricate and remarkable tissue found within synovial joints. It is essential for providing low-friction and load bearing during movement, resulting in pain-free mobility. Chondrocytes are the sole cell population present within the articular cartilage and play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. As the cellular building blocks of cartilage, they direct the synthesis and...Read More

Assessment of healthy trapeziometacarpal cartilage properties using indentation testing and contrast-enhanced computed tomographyBenjamin Dourthe, Reza Nickmanesh, David R. Wilson, Priscilla D'Agostino, Amit N. Patwa, Mark W. Grinstaff, Brian D. Snyder, Evie VereeckeClinical Biomechanics 61 (2019) 181–189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.12.015

Background

The trapeziometacarpal joint is a common site for osteoarthritis development in the hand. When osteoarthritis is present, it results in significant functional disabilities due to the broad range of activities performed by this joint. However, our understanding of osteoarthritis initiation and progression at this joint is limited because of the current lack...Read More

Poromechanical Modeling of Porcine Knee Joint Using Indentation Map of Articular CartilageZare M., Tang D., Li L.In: Ateshian G. Computer Methods, Imaging and Visualization in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. CMBBE 2019. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 36. Springer, Cham https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43195-2_7

The knowledge of site-specific properties of articular cartilage of a knee joint may be important for understanding the onset of cartilage degeneration in the knee. Few earlier studies have focused on the rate-dependent poromechanical response of knee joints to site-specific material properties across the joint. The objective of the present study was to develop a methodology to implement the in-situ...Read More

Mappings of Thickness and Mechanical Properties of the Stifle (Knee) Joint Cartilage Reveal Low Intraspecies VariabilitySophie Gagnon, Emily Deignan, Sotcheadt Sim, Martin Garon, Eric Quenneville and Mark HurtigTransactions of the Osteoarthritis Research Society 2019, Poster 1296, Feb 03 2019, Austin, Texas, United States

INTRODUCTION

Ex vivo assessment of an articular surface for detection of cartilage degeneration, focal defects or to evaluate the outcome of a repair treatment can be done by comparing the measured thickness and mechanical properties to normal tissue values at matched anatomical locations in similar animals. To do so, reference mappings created by averaging mapping data...Read More

Kappa opioids modulate hedgehog signaling to attenuate osteoarthritisWeber, A.E., Jalali, O., Limfat, S., Shkhyan, R., Van Der Horst, R., Lee, S., Lin, Y., Li, L., Mayer, E.N., Wang, L., Liu, N.Q., Petrigliano, F.A., Lieberman, J.R. and Evseenko, D.Arthritis Rheumatol. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1002/art.41250

Abstract

Objective

Inhibition of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling prevents cartilage degeneration and promotes repair in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA). Current study was designed to explore if modulation of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling may have therapeutic potential for achieving disease?modifying activity in OA models through Hh modulation.Read More

Evaluation of cartilage biomechanics and knee joint microenvironment after different cell-based treatments in a sheep model of early osteoarthritisFrancesca Veronesi, Matteo Berni, Gregorio Marchiori, Giorgio Cassiolas, Aurelio Muttini, Barbara Barboni, Lucia Martini, Milena Fini, Nicola Francesco Lopomo, Maurilio Marcacci and Elizaveta KonInternational Orthopaedics (SICOT) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04701-y

Purpose

Aiming to prevent cartilage damage during early osteoarthritis (OA), the therapeutic challenge is to restore and maintain the physiological and functional properties of such a tissue with minimally invasive therapeutic strategies.

Methods

Accordingly, an in vivo model of early OA in sheep was here treated through...Read More

Automated Indentation Demonstrates Structural Stiffness of Femoral Articular Cartilage and Temporomandibular Joint Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Is Altered in FgF2KO MicePaige S. Woods, Alyssa A. Morin, Po-Jung Chen, Sarah Mahonski, Liping Xiao, Marja Hurley, Sumit Yadav, and Tannin A. SchmidtCARTILAGE. October 2020. doi:10.1177/1947603520962565

Objective

Employ an automated indentation technique, using a commercially available machine, to assess the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression on structural stiffness over the surface of both murine femoral articular cartilage (AC) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC).

Design

Experiments...Read More

Long Term Durable Repaired Cartilage Induced By SOX9 in Situ with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsXiaowei Zhang, Shili Wu, Yong Zhu and Cong-Qiu ChuInternational Journal of Medical Sciences https://www.medsci.org/v18p1399.htm

Abstract

Background: Microfracture is a common procedure for cartilage repair, but it often produces inferior fibrocartilage. We previously reported that a super positively charged SOX9 (scSOX9) promoted hyaline-like cartilage regeneration by inducing bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes in vivo. Here...Read More

Correlation of Biomechanical Alterations under Gonarthritis between Overlying Menisci and Articular CartilagePordzik, J., Bernstein, A., Watrinet, J., Mayr, H.O., Latorre, S.H., Schmal, H., Seidenstuecker, M.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238673

Abstract

Just like menisci, articular cartilage is exposed to constant and varying stresses. Injuries to the meniscus are associated with the development of gonarthritis. Both the articular cartilage and the menisci are subject to structural changes under gonarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical alterations in articular cartilage...Read More

Correlation of Biomechanical Alterations under Gonarthritis between Overlying Menisci and Articular Cartilage2Pordzik, J., Bernstein, A., Watrinet, J., Mayr, H.O., Latorre, S.H., Schmal, H., Seidenstuecker, M.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238673

Abstract

Just like menisci, articular cartilage is exposed to constant and varying stresses. Injuries to the meniscus are associated with the development of gonarthritis. Both the articular cartilage and the menisci are subject to structural changes under gonarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical alterations in articular cartilage...Read More

Osteoarthritis-Related Degeneration Alters the Biomechanical Properties of Human Menisci Before the Articular CartilageSeitz AM, Osthaus F, Schwer J, Warnecke D, Faschingbauer M, Sgroi M, Ignatius A, Dürselen L.Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 May 6;9:659989. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659989. PMID: 34026741; PMCID: PMC8134692.

Abstract

An exact understanding of the interplay between the articulating tissues of the knee joint in relation to the osteoarthritis (OA)-related degeneration process is of considerable interest. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the biomechanical properties of mildly and severely degenerated human knee joints, including their menisci and tibial...Read More

Can UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking be transferred from ophthalmology to spine surgery? A feasibility study on bovine intervertebral discIoannis Vasilikos, Graciosa Q. Teixeira, Andreas Seitz, Julia Nothelfer, Julian Haas, Hans-Joachim Wilke, Boris Mizaikoff, Jurgen Beck, Ulrich Hubbe, Cornelia Neidlinger-WilkePLoS ONE 16(6): e0252672. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0252672

Abstract

Background Collagen cross-links contribute to the mechanical resilience of the intervertebral disc (IVD). UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (UVA-CXL) is a well-established and effective ophthalmological intervention that increases the mechanical rigidity of the collagen-rich corneal...Read More

MachOne表面轮廓典型文献和标准

Sensitivity of indentation testing to step-off edges and interface integrity in cartilage repairBae W, Law A, Amiel D and Sah RAnn Biomed Eng, 32(3), 360-369. (2004)

Step-off edges and tissue interfaces are prevalent in cartilage injury such as after intra-articular fracture and reduction, and in focal defects and surgical repair procedures such as osteochondral graft implantation. It would be useful to assess the function of injured or donor tissues near such step-off edges and the extent of integration at material interfaces. The objective of this study was to...Read More

Correlation of Non-destructive Electromechanical Probe () Assessment with Histological Ss, Biochemical Composition and Mechanical Properties in Human Knee JointsSim S, Chevrier A, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, USA, Poster 0439, 2014

Introduction: Histological scoring, biochemical analyses and biomechanical testing (unconfined compression) are often seen as gold standard characterizations for articular cartilage but can present major drawbacks in the context of animal and human studies where characterization of complete intact articular cartilage surfaces is required. In particular, histology, biochemical and mechanical...Read More

ASTM F2451-05 - Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular CartilageASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

This guide is aimed at providing a range of in vivo models to aid in preclinical research and development of tissue engineered medical products intended for the clinical repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
This guide includes a description of the animal models, surgical considerations, and tissue processing as well as the qualitative and quantitative...Read More

ASTM F2791 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Surface Texture of Non-Porous Biomaterials in Two DimensionsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org

MachOne系统发表的2D轮廓测量 (2D Profilometry)典型文献

Sensitivity of indentation testing to step-off edges and interface integrity in cartilage repairBae W, Law A, Amiel D and Sah RAnn Biomed Eng, 32(3), 360-369. (2004)

Step-off edges and tissue interfaces are prevalent in cartilage injury such as after intra-articular fracture and reduction, and in focal defects and surgical repair procedures such as osteochondral graft implantation. It would be useful to assess the function of injured or donor tissues near such step-off edges and the extent of integration at material interfaces. The objective of this study was to...Read More

ASTM F2451-05 - Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular CartilageASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org

Significance and Use
This guide is aimed at providing a range of in vivo models to aid in preclinical research and development of tissue engineered medical products intended for the clinical repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
This guide includes a description of the animal models, surgical considerations, and tissue processing as well as the qualitative and quantitative...Read More

ASTM F2791 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Surface Texture of Non-Porous Biomaterials in Two DimensionsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

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